复合固体推进剂等效力学性能VCFEM细观预示方法

根据固体推进剂的细观结构特征,采用等圆最优装载方式生成代表性体积单元(Representative Volume Element,RVE)模型,并结合Voronoi单元有限元方法(Voronoi Cell Finite Element Method,VCFEM)和均匀化方法,发展了一种可预示固体推进剂等效力学性能的数值分析方法,从而得到体分比和组分材料对等效模量和等效泊松比的影响规律。为证明该方法的有效性,设计一个对称数值模型,通过对该方法和传统有限元方法的节点位移结果的比较,发现两者之间的相对误差小于5%,且VCFEM用少量单元就完成了分析,提高了计算效率。通过对不同细观结构下推进剂RVE模型的计算,发现随着夹杂体分比的增大,夹杂的颗粒增强效应越明显,基体材料的变化比夹杂材料对等效力学性能有着更加显著的影响。     

嵌段聚氨酯弹性体的动态力学性能研究

以预聚体法合成了两嵌段聚醚—聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。研究了配料比、氨酯基浓度及固化剂用量等对该体系动态力学性能的影响。发现:该嵌段共聚物是完全相容的,其玻璃化转变温度T_g与聚醚含量呈线性关系;固化剂用量对该体系的T_g亦有影响。此外,对于聚酯氨酯体系,其T_g值与氨酯基浓度U亦呈线性关系。     

更新理论在机械系统可靠性计算中的应用

耗损型的机械系统的可靠性随着工作时间的增加而变得越来越差。对机械系统的可靠性进行预测和分配或采取相应的维修策略以缩短系统停机时间和减少系统维修费用,是一个需要解决的问题。作者以更新理论作为基础知识,建立了已工作过一定时期的机械系统在未来一段任务时间内的可靠性计算模型,为解决该问题提供了理论依据。     

The impact of animal welfare regulations on firms' product offerings: Humane or organic product?

Increased public concerns about animal welfare have spurred new regulations to improve animals' treatment and living conditions. We study how these regulations affect firms' product offerings, prices, and profits. We consider two competing animal agriculture supply chains, each consisting of a supplier and a buyer. New regulations require firms to choose between offering humane or organic products, which are differentiated by animals' living conditions. We find that consumers' growing awareness of animal welfare encourages firms to offer organic products, which require the highest standards for animals' living conditions. We also show that tightening humane product standards and loosening organic product standards encourage firms to offer organic products—but with distinct pricing implications. The former leads to higher retail prices whereas the latter may lower retail prices. Depending on costs and consumers' awareness of animal welfare, a humane product may be priced higher or lower than an organic product. Furthermore, we provide conditions under which a regulator should offer a unit-cost or an investment cost subsidy to improve social welfare. We show that subsidies can encourage firms to change from offering humane to organic products, or vice versa, to enhance total social welfare.     

灰色可靠性设计模型及其在机械工程应用

将灰色系统推广到概率统计理论 ,阐述了灰色概率公理化体系 ,研究了灰色概率密度函数与灰色可靠度计算方法 ,建立了应力—强度干涉灰色可靠度计算模型及其白化求解方法 ,编制了matlab5 3语言程序。给出了工程应用实例 ,并对结果与常规可靠性设计进行了对比分析 ,显示了本模型的正确性与可行性。它可用于设计参数变动对可靠度的灵敏度分析及其稳健性可靠性设计 ,有效地控制设计参数     

石英微陀螺的机械耦合问题研究

通过研究石英微陀螺的机械耦合误差,对理想和非理想陀螺进行了机械建模和分析,推导出了微陀螺的敏感输出信号和机械耦合的关系公式。通过仿真,讨论了机械耦合与陀螺各参数之间的关系和相互影响程度。     

采用向量内积的并行相关算法

针对软件接收机相关器计算的实时性问题,通过分析扩频信号的接收过程,建立一种基于向量内积的并行相关信号接收模型。利用图形处理单元中大量的浮点运算单元进行矩阵与向量运算,并行计算各通道相关值,提高了信号相关运算的实时性。仿真验证结果表明,利用基于GPU的向量内积软件并行相关算法计算25 MHz采样率时长1 ms的信号相关值,25个通道共150个相关运算耗时967μs,与CPU上基于数学核心函数库的实现相比速度约提高了61.4倍,能够实现宽带扩频信号软件实时相关接收。     

含诱导缺陷复合材料T型接头的弯曲失效实验

通过实验研究含不同诱导缺陷的复合材料T型接头的弯曲力学性能和失效过程,采用引入脱黏缺陷和三角区填充率缺陷来诱导T型接头的不同失效模式。结果表明不同失效模式下T型接头所表现出来的弯曲力学性能差异极大,完好的T型接头所能承受的载荷为288.5N,界面脱黏会削弱其30%的承载能力,而三角区填充率的减少会导致裂纹在填充区内部引发和扩展,导致T型接头的弯曲力学性能大幅降低。     

An adaptive forecasting algorithm and inventory policy for products with short life cycles

Products with short life cycles are becoming increasingly common in many industries, such as the personal computer (PC) and mobile phone industries. Traditional forecasting methods and inventory policies can be inappropriate for forecasting demand and managing inventory for a product with a short life cycle because they usually do not take into account the characteristics of the product life cycle. This can result in inaccurate forecasts, high inventory cost, and low service levels. Besides, many forecasting methods require a significant demand history, which is available only after the product has been sold for some time. In this paper, we present an adaptive forecasting algorithm with two characteristics. First, it uses structural knowledge on the product life cycle to model the demand. Second, it combines knowledge on the demand that is available prior to the launch of the product with actual demand data that become available after the introduction of the product to generate and update demand forecasts. Based on the forecasting algorithm, we develop an optimal inventory policy. Since the optimal inventory policy is computationally expensive, we propose three heuristics and show in a numerical study that one of the heuristics generates near‐optimal solutions. The evaluation of our approach is based on demand data from a leading PC manufacturer in the United States, where the forecasting algorithm has been implemented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

Optimal pricing for a short life‐cycle product when customer price‐sensitivity varies over time

Technology products often experience a life‐cycle demand pattern that resembles a diffusion process, with weak demand in the beginning and the end of the life cycle and high demand intensity in between. The customer price‐sensitivity also changes over the life cycle of the product. We study the prespecified pricing decision for a product that exhibits such demand characteristics. In particular, we determine the optimal set of discrete prices and the times to switch from one price to another, when a limited number of price changes are allowed. Our study shows that the optimal prices and switching times show interesting patterns that depend on the product's demand pattern and the change in the customers' price sensitivity over the life cycle of the product. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012